Basic information of TLR4 :

Official Symbol of Gene	TLR4
Species	Homo sapiens
Entrez Gene ID	7099
Official Full Name	toll like receptor 4
Also known as	TOLL; CD284; TLR-4; ARMD10
Gene Type	protein coding
dbXrefs	Ensembl:ENSG00000136869 MIM:603030; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11850
Map Location	9q33.1

Sample information of multiple sclerosis:

Detected Sample	brain
Sample Detail	oligodendroglial cells
Detected Method	PCR
Disease	MS
Disease subtype	N/A
Population	U343 glioblastoma cells
Sample Size	N/A

Literature information of multiple sclerosis :

Pubmed ID	23836485
Year	2013
Title	Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type W Envelope Protein Inhibits Oligodendroglial Precursor Cell Differentiation

Results of multiple sclerosis :

Expression	up-regulation
Risk type	Disease risk
Result	We demonstrated that the ENV protein is present in close proximity to TLR4-expressing oligodendroglial precursor cells adjacent to multiple sclerosis lesions. Human and rat oligodendroglial precursor cells expressed TLR4, and the ENV-mediated activation of TLR4 led to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as the formation of nitrotyrosine groups and a subsequent reduction in myelin protein expression.Interpretation: Our findings suggest that ENV-mediated induction of nitrosative stress via activation of TLR4 results in an overall reduction of the oligodendroglial differentiation capacity, thereby contributing to remyelination failure.Therefore, pharmacological or antibody-mediated inhibition of ENV may prevent the blockade of myelin repair in the diseased or injured central nervous system.
Mechanism/Pathway	Human and rat oligodendroglial precursor cells expressed TLR4, and the ENV-mediated activation of TLR4 led to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as the formation of nitrotyrosine groups and a subsequent reduction in myelin protein expression