Basic information of TNF :

Official Symbol of Gene	TNF
Species	Homo sapiens
Entrez Gene ID	7124
Official Full Name	tumor necrosis factor
Also known as	DIF; TNFA; TNFSF2; TNLG1F; TNF-alpha
Gene Type	protein coding
dbXrefs	Ensembl:ENSG00000232810 MIM:191160; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11892
Map Location	6p21.33

Sample information of multiple sclerosis:

Detected Sample	serum
Sample Detail	N/A
Detected Method	ELISA
Disease	MS
Disease subtype	RRMS
Population	Caucasian
Sample Size	152 RRMS patients / 98 healthy controls

Literature information of multiple sclerosis :

Pubmed ID	33252003
Year	2021
Title	Association of polymorphism -308G/A in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene ( TNF-α) and TNF-α serum levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Results of multiple sclerosis :

Expression	up-regulation
Risk type	Disease risk
Result	The obtained results indicated significant differences in TNF-α serum levels after gender division.The result shows considerably higher serum levels of TNF-α in RRMS women than in the healthy women as well as comparing with those of RRMS men. The analysis among men showed twofold higher serum cytokine TNF-α level in RRMS patients than the controls. Also, women in the control group showed approximately twofold higher cytokine serum levels than healthy men .
Mechanism/Pathway	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic effect,involved in acute and systemic inflammation.TNF-α interacts with two cell-surface TNF receptors–TNFR1 (55kDa) and TNFR2 (75 kDa) and triggers the cell survival and pro-inflammatory NF-kB and MAP kinases activation.The pathogenic function associated with higher levels of TNF-α includes the facilitation of inflammation and tissue damage which results in the activation of a cascade of inflammatory events, causing tissue disruption in autoimmune diseases.