Basic information of GC :
| Official Symbol of Gene | GC |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
| Entrez Gene ID | 2638 |
| Official Full Name | GC vitamin D binding protein |
| Also known as | DBP; VDB; GRD3; VDBG; VDBP; GcMAF; DBP/GC; Gc-MAF; DBP-maf; HEL-S-51 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| dbXrefs | Ensembl:ENSG00000145321 MIM:139200; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4187 |
| Map Location | 4q13.3 |
| Variation Type | gene polymorphisms |
| refSNP ID | N/A |
Sample information of multiple sclerosis:
| Detected Sample | Peripheral blood |
| Sample Detail | N/A |
| Detected Method | PCR |
| Disease | MS |
| Disease subtype | N/A |
| Population | N/A |
| Sample Size | Eighty children aged 8–18 years of mothers with MS will be recruited. Forty children, exposed to GC in utero will be compared to 40 children without fetal GC exposure |
Literature information of multiple sclerosis :
| Pubmed ID | 35557615 |
| Year | 2022 |
| Title | Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study: Effects of a Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Therapy With Methylprednisolone on Offspring Neurocognitive Development and Behavior (MS-Children) |
Results of multiple sclerosis :
| Risk Type | Disease risk |
| Main Result | While MP therapy during pregnancy is considered relatively save for the fetus, it may be detrimental for later cognitive and neuropsychiatric function. The underlying mechanism is thought to be an epigenetically mediated desensitization of GC receptors, the subsequent increase in stress sensitivity, and a GC-mediated impairment of brain development. |
| Result | In this study, antenatal or postnatal stressors may act as confounders. Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy has been shown to elicit increased maternal and fetal cortisol levels (54, 55). It is further associated with an increase in the offspring stress response, disturbed motor and structural brain development and an increased risk of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems in later life, such as autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, depression and schizophrenia (for reviews see (9, 55)). MS relapses are not only treated with GCs but also are a major psychological stressor. However, as relapses during pregnancy rarely go untreated, there is no realistic way of mitigating this confounder using an untreated MS control group. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, there is no reliable method to assess perceived psychological stress level beyond major stressful life events, at a minimum of 8 years in the past. The mother’s stress level during pregnancy is thus estimated using a questionnaire based on the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) , which was adapted to this study’s context. Additionally, the children fill out a questionnaire regarding subjective and objective stress in the past 12 months |
| Mechanism/Pathway | The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of fetal MP exposure in the context of MS relapse therapy with later cognitive function, brain development, stress sensitivity, and behavior |
