Basic information of AR :
| Official Symbol of Gene | AR |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
| Entrez Gene ID | 367 |
| Official Full Name | androgen receptor |
| Also known as | KD; AIS; AR8; TFM; DHTR; SBMA; HYSP1; NR3C4; SMAX1; HUMARA |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| dbXrefs | Ensembl:ENSG00000169083 MIM:313700; AllianceGenome:HGNC:644 |
| Map Location | Xq12 |
| Variation Type | DNA methylation |
| refSNP ID | DNA methylation |
Sample information of multiple sclerosis:
| Detected Sample | Peripheral blood |
| Sample Detail | N/A |
| Detected Method | PCR |
| Disease | MS |
| Disease subtype | N/A |
| Population | N/A |
| Sample Size | 26 female MZ twin pairs with autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis) were studied. In addition/15 newborn female MZ twin pairs who were characterized at birth with respect to the anatomy of chorionic membranes |
Literature information of multiple sclerosis :
| Pubmed ID | 8790602 |
| Year | 1994 |
| Title | X Chromosome Inactivation Patterns Correlate with Fetal-Placental Anatomy in Monozygotic Twin Pairs: Implications for Immune Relatedness and Concordance for Autoimmunity |
Results of multiple sclerosis :
| Risk Type | Disease risk |
| Main Result | We found a strong correlation between dichorionic fetal anatomy and differences in X chromosome inactivation patterns between members of an MZ twin pair. In contrast, all monochorionic twin pairs had closely correlated patterns of X chromosome inactivation. X chromosome inactivation patterns did not distinguish between MZ twin pairs who were concordant or discordant for autoimmune disease |
| Result | The highly similar patterns of X chromosome inactivation among monochorionic twin pairs may result from their shared placental blood supply during intrauterine life. Alternatively, these patterns may indicate that X chromosome inactivation occurs before the twinning event in this anatomic subgroup of MZ twins. The data further suggest that these factors do not make a major contribution to the high discordance rates for autoimmune disease in MZ twin pairs |
| Mechanism/Pathway | monochorionic twins share their fetal blood supply during gestation and thus share a common immune system. In particular, monochorionic twins would have in common the prenatal stochastic events associated with immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangement , whereas dichorionic twin pairs would undergo these gene rearrangements independently of one another during fetal life |
