| Cancer name | Bladder Cancer |
| Cancer Type | BLCA |
| Immunotherapy type | Immune Checkpoint Therapy;Immunostimulant OR Targeting Therapy |
| Treatment | Anti-PD-L1 |
| Drugstatus | NA |
| Drugbank ID | NA |
| Checkpoints | PD-L1 |
| Signature Type | Protein |
| Signature | IL-15 |
| Official Symbol | IL15 |
| Mode of action | PROT_D_UP |
| Description for ‘mode of action’：the ‘mode of action’ for signature is composed of three parts: A_B_C. A describes the level at which the corresponding signature changes, it may contain the following values: TRAN(translation), PROT(protein), CE(cell), METH(methylation), AC(acetylation), PHOS(phosphorylation), MU(mutation), SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism), GLYC(glycosylation) and PATH(pathway). B describes the corresponding signature in which cancer immunotherapy condition group has changed, it may contain the following values: R (immunotherapy response group), NR(immunotherapy non-response group), D (Immunotherapy group), ND (No immunotherapy group). C describes the change detail (specific direction) of the corresponding signature, it may contain the following values: UP (High gene/protein expression or increased cellular abundance or enhanced epigenetic modification), DN (Low gene/protein expression or reduced cellular abundance or attenuated epigenetic modifications), LOSS (deletion mutation), GAIN (gain mutation)，Other. For example, the search/browse detail result for CD274 was “PROT_R_UP”, it can be interpreted that the protein level of CD274 was upregulated in immunotherapy response individuals. | |
| Experimental | mouse model |
| Description | We next examinedwhether combined treatments could activate adaptive immune responses. We analyzed the percentage of TILs and their abilityto releaseeffector cytokines. The combinationof tasquinimod with Anti-PD-L1induced a2.7 fold increase in CD8+ TILs. In parallel, asignificant increase in the percentage of lymphocytic cellsproducing granzyme B was also observed in the combination treatment group comparedto control.We also analyzedthe cytokineexpression profile in tumors exposed to treatment for 7 days. IL-7 and IL-15, both belonging to IL-2 superfamily, have been reportedto increase the survival and cytotoxic effects of T cellsto a greater extent than IL-2. Strikingly, strongincreasesin the production of IL-7, IL-15 and IL-12 were found in the tumors treated with the combination of tasquinimod and Anti-PD-L1as comparedto control.These cytokines were not significantly increased in the single treatment groups. |
| PMID | 27471612 |
| Title | Tasquinimod modulates tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and improves the antitumor immune response to PD-L1 blockade in bladder cancer |